Improving Early Detection of Leprosy Cases in the Communities of Sidama Region, Southern Ethiopia: A Qualitative Exploration of Health Professionals' Perspectives and Experiences

Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, one of the world's most neglected tropical diseases, and a leading cause of permanent physical disability. We aimed to explore the enhancement of early detection of leprosy cases in Sidama Region, Southern Ethiopia. Method: This Study employed a qualitative, descriptive, and phenomenological exploratory approach. Non-probability purposive sampling was used to select participants, including doctors, public health officers, clinical nurses, health center administrators, technical and program experts from regional and district health offices, and health extension workers. In-depth interviews were conducted to gather experiential insights. The qualitative data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis with Open Code software version 4.0. The analysis involved data transcription, coding, theme development, and interpretation of the findings. Result: The Study's findings indicated that the community's leprosy prevention and control programs remain problematic. Health professionals shared their experiences and perceptions on enhancing early detection of leprosy cases, focusing on several key issues: addressing prevalent misconceptions about Leprosy, encouraging timely healthcare-seeking behaviour, mitigating social stigma associated with the disease, and improving current practices for early detection of leprosy cases. Conclusion: The study findings highlight persistent challenges in community leprosy prevention and control programs. Health professionals provided insights into strategies to enhance early detection of leprosy cases, emphasizing the importance of addressing misconceptions about the disease, promoting prompt healthcare-seeking behaviour, combating social stigma, and refining existing practices for early case detection. It strengthens the leprosy control program.