Abutilon Indicum Leaf Extract–Loaded Novel Liposomal Formulation for Anti-Leprosy Activity

Leprosy, caused by Mycobacterium leprae, remains a significant global health concern, particularly in developing countries, due to prolonged treatment duration, adverse effects, and emerging drug resistance associated with conventional therapies. The present study focuses on the development of a novel liposomal formulation incorporating Abutilon indicum leaf extract to enhance its anti-leprosy potential. The plant is well known for its rich phytochemical composition, including flavonoids, phenolics, and tannins, which exhibit antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. The extract was prepared using Soxhlet extraction and maceration techniques and subsequently formulated into liposomes using the thin-film hydration method. The prepared formulation was characterized for particle size, zeta potential, and distribution properties, revealing nanosized vesicles (~228.7 nm) with moderate stability. The anti-leprosy activity was evaluated using the zone of inhibition method, where the formulation demonstrated significant antibacterial activity (17 mm) against Mycobacterium leprae, comparable to the standard drug streptomycin (20 mm). The findings suggest that liposomal encapsulation enhances the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of the plant extract, indicating its potential as an alternative or adjunct treatment for leprosy