TY - ECHAP KW - Erythema Nodosum Leprosum KW - Hansen disease KW - Multibacillary KW - Mycobacterium leprae KW - Paucibacillary KW - Reversal reaction KW - Type 1 reactions KW - Type 2 reaction AU - Dogra S AU - Sharma A AB -

Leprosy, or Hansen disease (HD), is an infection caused by Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis affecting the skin, respiratory mucosa, peripheral nerves, and other organs. As per the World Health Organization (WHO), leprosy is diagnosed by at least one of the following cardinal signs: (1) definite loss of sensation in a pale (hypopigmented) or reddish skin patch; (2) thickened or enlarged peripheral nerve, with loss of sensation and/or weakness of the muscles supplied by that nerve; or (3) presence of acid-fast bacilli in a slit-skin smear. A patient’s cell-mediated immunity against M. leprae determines the presentation of leprosy, ranging from a few lesions (tuberculoid) to multiplicity of lesions (lepromatous). The WHO treatment regimen is rifampin, dapsone, and clofazimine for 6 months for paucibacillary HD and 12 months for multibacillary HD. Early diagnosis and treatment can help to prevent disabilities. The leprosy reversal (type 1) reaction and erythema nodosum leprosum (type 2 reaction) can be treated with prednisone and thalidomide, respectively.

BT - Treatment of Skin Disease DA - 09/2026 DO - 10.1016/b978-0-443-28419-9.00132-5 LA - ENG M3 - Book Chapter N2 -

Leprosy, or Hansen disease (HD), is an infection caused by Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis affecting the skin, respiratory mucosa, peripheral nerves, and other organs. As per the World Health Organization (WHO), leprosy is diagnosed by at least one of the following cardinal signs: (1) definite loss of sensation in a pale (hypopigmented) or reddish skin patch; (2) thickened or enlarged peripheral nerve, with loss of sensation and/or weakness of the muscles supplied by that nerve; or (3) presence of acid-fast bacilli in a slit-skin smear. A patient’s cell-mediated immunity against M. leprae determines the presentation of leprosy, ranging from a few lesions (tuberculoid) to multiplicity of lesions (lepromatous). The WHO treatment regimen is rifampin, dapsone, and clofazimine for 6 months for paucibacillary HD and 12 months for multibacillary HD. Early diagnosis and treatment can help to prevent disabilities. The leprosy reversal (type 1) reaction and erythema nodosum leprosum (type 2 reaction) can be treated with prednisone and thalidomide, respectively.

PB - Elsevier PY - 2027 SN - 9780443284199 SP - 494 EP - 496 T2 - Treatment of Skin Disease TI - Leprosy (including reactions) ER -