02524nas a2200469   4500000000100000008004100001260001600042653001600058653001800074653001900092653002300111653001100134653002600145653001200171653002100183653001100204653001100215653000900226653002800235653001200263653002500275653003100300653001900331653002600350653002300376653002400399100001600423700001300439700001200452700001700464700001600481700001300497700001700510700001500527700001200542245009000554856007800644300001000722490000600732520130200738022001402040       2009                            d  c2009 Dec 1610aArchaeology10aBase Sequence10aBone and Bones10aDNA, Mitochondrial10aFemale10aForensic Anthropology10aFossils10aHistory, Ancient10aHumans10aIsrael10aMale10aMolecular Sequence Data10aMummies10aMycobacterium leprae10aMycobacterium tuberculosis10aPaleopathology10aPolymorphism, Genetic10aSequence Alignment10aSex Characteristics1 aMatheson CD1 aVernon K1 aLahti A1 aFratpietro R1 aSpigelman M1 aGibson S1 aGreenblatt C1 aDonoghue H1 aZissu B00aMolecular exploration of the first-century Tomb of the Shroud in Akeldama, Jerusalem.  uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2789407/pdf/pone.0008319.pdf  ae83190 v43 a<p>The Tomb of the Shroud is a first-century C.E. tomb discovered in Akeldama, Jerusalem, Israel that had been illegally entered and looted. The investigation of this tomb by an interdisciplinary team of researchers began in 2000. More than twenty stone ossuaries for collecting human bones were found, along with textiles from a burial shroud, hair and skeletal remains. The research presented here focuses on genetic analysis of the bioarchaeological remains from the tomb using mitochondrial DNA to examine familial relationships of the individuals within the tomb and molecular screening for the presence of disease. There are three mitochondrial haplotypes shared between a number of the remains analyzed suggesting a possible family tomb. There were two pathogens genetically detected within the collection of osteological samples, these were Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae. The Tomb of the Shroud is one of very few examples of a preserved shrouded human burial and the only example of a plaster sealed loculus with remains genetically confirmed to have belonged to a shrouded male individual that suffered from tuberculosis and leprosy dating to the first-century C.E. This is the earliest case of leprosy with a confirmed date in which M. leprae DNA was detected.</p>  a1932-6203