02329nas a2200457   4500000000100000008004100001260001600042653001700058653002500075653002400100653001600124653001200140653001900152653001900171653001100190653003100201653003000232100001500262700001100277700001200288700001100300700001300311700001500324700001100339700001300350700001200363700001500375700001400390700001200404700001000416700001400426700001200440700001200452700001400464245007900478856007600557300001100633490000600644520120700650022001401857       2009                            d  c2009 Oct 2210aPhagocytosis10aMycobacterium leprae10aMicrobial Viability10aMacrophages10aleprosy10aInterleukin-1510aInterleukin-1010aHumans10aGene Expression Regulation10aGene Expression Profiling1 aMontoya DJ1 aCruz D1 aTeles R1 aLee DJ1 aOchoa MT1 aKrutzik SR1 aChun R1 aSchenk M1 aZhang X1 aFerguson B1 aBurdick A1 aSarno E1 aRea T1 aHewison M1 aAdams J1 aCheng G1 aModlin RL00aDivergence of macrophage phagocytic and antimicrobial programs in leprosy.  uhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2764558/pdf/nihms149626.pdf  a343-530 v63 a<p>Effective innate immunity against many microbial pathogens requires macrophage programs that upregulate phagocytosis and direct antimicrobial pathways, two functions generally assumed to be coordinately regulated. We investigated the regulation of these key functions in human blood-derived macrophages. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) induced the phagocytic pathway, including the C-type lectin CD209 and scavenger receptors, resulting in phagocytosis of mycobacteria and oxidized low-density lipoprotein. IL-15 induced the vitamin D-dependent antimicrobial pathway and CD209, yet the cells were less phagocytic. The differential regulation of macrophage functional programs was confirmed by analysis of leprosy lesions: the macrophage phagocytosis pathway was prominent in the clinically progressive, multibacillary form of the disease, whereas the vitamin D-dependent antimicrobial pathway predominated in the self-limited form and in patients undergoing reversal reactions from the multibacillary to the self-limited form. These data indicate that macrophage programs for phagocytosis and antimicrobial responses are distinct and differentially regulated in innate immunity to bacterial infections.</p>
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