03362nas a2200433   4500000000100000008004100001260001300042653001200055653002200067653002500089653001500114653002000129653002500149653001400174653004600188653003400234653001500268100001400283700001300297700001400310700001400324700001200338700001400350700001100364700001400375700001400389700001900403700001300422700001400435700001300449700001300462700001100475245023800486856007200724300001300796490000700809520209800816022001402914       2004                            d  c2004 Nov10aAnimals10aAntibodies, Viral10aCD4 Lymphocyte Count10aCercocebus10aCercocebus atys10aImmunohistochemistry10aNeopterin10aSimian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome10aSimian immunodeficiency virus10aViral Load1 aApetrei C1 aGormus B1 aPandrea I1 aMetzger M1 aHaaft P1 aMartin LN1 aBohm R1 aAlvarez X1 aKoopman G1 aMurphey-Corb M1 aVeazey R1 aLackner A1 aBaskin G1 aHeeney J1 aMarx P00aDirect inoculation of simian immunodeficiency virus from sooty mangabeys in black mangabeys (Lophocebus aterrimus): first evidence of AIDS in a heterologous African species and different pathologic outcomes of experimental infection.  uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC523258/pdf/0567-04.pdf  a11506-180 v783 a<p>A unique opportunity for the study of the role of serial passage and cross-species transmission was offered by a series of experiments carried out at the Tulane National Primate Research Center in 1990. To develop an animal model for leprosy, three black mangabeys (BkMs) (Lophocebus aterrimus) were inoculated with lepromatous tissue that had been serially passaged in four sooty mangabeys (SMs) (Cercocebus atys). All three BkMs became infected with simian immunodeficiency virus from SMs (SIVsm) by day 30 postinoculation (p.i.) with lepromatous tissue. One (BkMG140) died 2 years p.i. from causes unrelated to SIV, one (BkMG139) survived for 10 years, whereas the third (BkMG138) was euthanized with AIDS after 5 years. Histopathology revealed a high number of giant cells in tissues from BkMG138, but no SIV-related lesions were found in the remaining two BkMs. Four-color immunofluorescence revealed high levels of SIVsm associated with both giant cells and T lymphocytes in BkMG138 and no detectable SIV in the remaining two. Serum viral load (VL) showed a significant increase (>1 log) during the late stage of the disease in BkMG138, as opposed to a continuous decline in VL in the remaining two BkMs. With the progression to AIDS, neopterin levels increased in BkMG138. This study took on new significance when phylogenetic analysis unexpectedly showed that all four serially inoculated SMs were infected with different SIVsm lineages prior to the beginning of the experiment. Furthermore, the strain infecting the BkMs originated from the last SM in the series. Therefore, the virus infecting BkMs has not been serially passaged. In conclusion, we present the first compelling evidence that direct cross-species transmission of SIV may induce AIDS in heterologous African nonhuman primate (NHP) species. The results showed that cross-species-transmitted SIVsm was well controlled in two of three BkMs for 2 and 10 years, respectively. Finally, this case of AIDS in an African monkey suggests that the dogma of SIV nonpathogenicity in African NHP hosts should be reconsidered.</p>  a0022-538X