02204nas a2200337   4500000000100000008004100001260001300042653001400055653001400069653001100083653001200094653002000106653002600126653003100152653001800183653002000201653002600221653002600247653002800273100001500301700001500316700001500331700001100346700001200357700001500369245005300384300001100437490000800448520139600456022001401852       1992                            d  c1992 Mar10aCell Line10aCytokines10aHumans10aleprosy10aLeukocyte Count10aLymphocyte Activation10aMycobacterium tuberculosis10aT-Lymphocytes10aTuberculin Test10aTuberculosis, Miliary10aTuberculosis, Pleural10aTuberculosis, Pulmonary1 aBarnes P F1 aGrisso C L1 aAbrams J S1 aBand H1 aRea T H1 aModlin R L00aGamma delta T lymphocytes in human tuberculosis.  a506-120 v1653 a<p>The manifestations of tuberculous infection reflect the immune response to infection. Most healthy tuberculin reactors develop protective immunity; tuberculous pleuritis reflects a resistant response manifest by mild disease, whereas advanced pulmonary and miliary tuberculosis reflect ineffective immunity. The role of gamma delta T cells was assessed in tuberculous infection by evaluating expansion of these cells from blood mononuclear cells after stimulation with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. After culture in vitro, the percentages of gamma delta+ cells were significantly greater in patients with protective and resistant immunity (tuberculin reactors, 25% +/- 4%; tuberculous pleuritis, 30% +/- 7%) than in those with ineffective immunity (advanced pulmonary tuberculosis, 9% +/- 3%; miliary tuberculosis, 2% +/- 1%). In leprosy, expansion of gamma delta+ cells was greater in immunologically resistant tuberculoid patients (32% +/- 4%) than in Mycobacterium leprae-unresponsive lepromatous patients (9% +/- 2%). M. tuberculosis-reactive gamma delta T cell lines produced interferon-gamma, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interleukin-3, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, cytokines that activate macrophages and may contribute to mycobacterial elimination. These findings suggest that gamma delta T cells contribute to immune resistance against M. tuberculosis.</p>  a0022-1899