02815nas a2200457   4500000000100000008004100001260001300042653001500055653001000070653001200080653002400092653001600116653001800132653002000150653002400170653001100194653002100205653001800226653002100244653002700265653002900292653002600321653001600347653002300363653001400386653002300400100001500423700001800438700001400456700001300470700001500483700001600498700001300514700001500527245012900542856007300671300001000744490000800754520158100762022001402343       2003                            d  c2003 Nov10aAdolescent10aAdult10aAnimals10aAntigens, Protozoan10aBCG Vaccine10aCell Division10aCells, Cultured10aDouble-Blind Method10aHumans10aInterferon-gamma10aInterleukin-410aLeishmania major10aLeishmaniasis Vaccines10aLeishmaniasis, Cutaneous10aLymphocyte Activation10aMiddle Aged10aProtozoan Vaccines10aTh1 Cells10aVaccines, Combined1 aMahmoodi M1 aKhamesipour A1 aDowlati Y1 aRafati S1 aMomeni A Z1 aEmamjomeh M1 aHejazi H1 aModabber F00aImmune response measured in human volunteers vaccinated with autoclaved Leishmania major vaccine mixed with low dose of BCG.  uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2756850/pdf/0203-09.pdf  a303-80 v1343 a<p>The immune responses induced against Leishmania antigens in volunteers who were vaccinated in a double-blind, randomized field efficacy trial of a preparation of autoclaved Leishmania major (ALM) mixed with a low dose of Bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccine (BCG) who developed either a cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) lesion due to exposure to infected sandfly bite(s) or did not develop a lesion during the course of the trial were studied and compared with those of non-vaccinated controls. Blood samples were also assayed from different groups including volunteers with history of CL and volunteers with previous positive or negative leishmanin skin test (LST) without a history of CL. The vaccinated volunteers had received a single dose of either ALM mixed with a low dose of BCG or the same dose of BCG alone. The LST and in vitro proliferative response (stimulation index, SI), interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) production and, in a few cases, interleukin (IL)-4 production of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to soluble Leishmania antigens were measured. The results indicated that volunteers who developed CL in the vaccine arm showed a slightly higher SI than cases who received BCG alone. Volunteers with history of CL and volunteers with positive LST demonstrated the strongest proliferation indices and IFN-gamma production. The data suggest that a single dose of ALM + BCG induces a weak Th1 response in vaccinated volunteers that is far lower than that in volunteers with prior subclinical infection or volunteers with history of CL, who are presumed to be immune.</p>  a0009-9104