02169nas a2200205   4500000000100000008004100001100001400042700001600056700001500072700001800087700001700105700001700122700001400139245010000153856007800253300000800331490000600339520160400345022001401949       2017                            d1 aUwimana I1 aBizimungu N1 aIngabire F1 aMukamukwiye E1 aSharangabo O1 aNgabonziza S1 aKamanzi E00aTrends in leprosy case detection in Rwanda, 1995-2011: analysis of 17 years of laboratory data.  uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5523925/pdf/AJLM-6-1-426.pdf  a4260 v63 a<p><strong>BACKGROUND: </strong>Leprosy, or Hansen's disease, is a chronic, infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. It remains one of the leading causes of deformity and physical disability.</p>

<p><strong>OBJECTIVE: </strong>We analysed laboratory records to assess trends in prevalence rates and case detection rates (CDRs) in Rwanda.</p>

<p><strong>METHODS: </strong>A retrospective review of detected leprosy cases from the records of the Rwanda National Reference Laboratory over a 17-year period (1995-2011) was conducted. Skin biopsy samples were analysed microscopically using Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique to identify M. leprae.</p>

<p><strong>RESULTS: </strong>Cumulatively, 266 suspected cases were reported between 1995 and 2011. Of the suspected cases, 77 (28.9%) were laboratory confirmed as having leprosy. Among detected cases, 59 (76.6%) were men and 18 (23.4%) women. The male:female ratio was 3:1. There were 77 registered leprosy cases over the 17-year period of the study, and the prevalence rate was 0.005 per 10 000 population. A gradual decrease in the prevalence rate was observed from 0.015 per 10 000 population in 2003 to 0.003 per 10 000 population in 2010. From 1995 to 2011, the CDR did not exceed one per 10 000 population.</p>

<p><strong>CONCLUSION: </strong>This laboratory review demonstrates a declining trend in prevalence rates and CDR during the period of the study. Early case detection and a sustainable leprosy control programme remain the cornerstones of reducing the physical and socio-economic burden of leprosy in Rwanda.</p>
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