01792nas a2200241   4500000000100000008004100001653001000042653001200052653001000064653002000074653002900094653001100123653002400134653003100158653002600189653002800215100001800243245006800261300001100329490000700340520118900347022001401536       2013                            d10aAdult10aAnimals10aChild10aChronic Disease10aClinical Trials as Topic10aHumans10aMycobacterium bovis10aMycobacterium tuberculosis10aTuberculosis Vaccines10aTuberculosis, Pulmonary1 aKaufmann SH E00aTuberculosis vaccines: time to think about the next generation.  a172-810 v253 a<p>Efforts over the last 2 decades have led to a rich research and development pipeline of tuberculosis (TB) vaccines. Although none of the candidates has successfully completed the clinical trial pipeline, many are under advanced clinical assessment. These vaccines aim at prevention of active TB, with most of them being considered for preexposure with recent additions for postexposure or multistage administration. A few therapeutic vaccines are under clinical assessment, as well. Preexposure vaccination with the licensed TB vaccine BCG prevents severe forms of TB in children but not in adolescents and adults. The current vaccine pipeline does not include strategies which prevent or eliminate infection with the causative agent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Rather in a best-case scenario, they are quantitatively superior to BCG in preventing active TB over prolonged periods of time, ideally lifelong in the face of latent Mtb infection. Qualitatively superior vaccines should be capable of preventing or eliminating Mtb infection, in this way eliminating the risk of TB reactivation. The time is now ripe to exploit radically new strategies to achieve this goal.</p>
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