02419nas a2200409   4500000000100000008004100001260001300042653001000055653003200065653002600097653001000123653002300133653004400156653001100200653001900211653001100230653001400241653000900255653002800264653002600292653001300318653001600331653003800347653001100385100001300396700002000409700001200429700001200441700001500453700001500468700001200483245008100495300001200576490000700588520140000595022001401995       2013                            d  c2013 Nov10aAdult10aAntibiotics, Antitubercular10aAntitubercular Agents10aChild10aDisease Management10aExtensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis10aFemale10aHIV Infections10aHumans10aIncidence10aMale10aPopulation Surveillance10aRetrospective Studies10aRifampin10aSex Factors10aTuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant10aZambia1 aKapata N1 aChanda-Kapata P1 aBates M1 aMwaba P1 aCobelens F1 aGrobusch M1 aZumla A00aMultidrug-resistant TB in Zambia: review of national data from 2000 to 2011.  a1386-910 v183 a<p><b>BACKGROUND: </b>Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is posing a great threat to global TB control. The burden in Zambia is not well defined because routine surveillance data are scarce. We reviewed national MDR-TB data for the last decade to inform future public health policy with respect to MDR-TB in Zambia.</p><p><b>METHOD: </b>Retrospective review of national surveillance of MDR-TB data, TB programme and laboratory reports between 2000 and 2011.</p><p><b>RESULTS: </b>The total number of DSTs performed during this 11-year period was 2,038 and accounted for 2.6% (2,038/78,639) of all the retreatment cases notified. The total number of diagnosed MDR-TB cases for this period was 446, of which 56.3% (251/446) were male and 41.7% (186/446) female. Only one child was found to have MDR-TB. Poly-drug resistance accounted for 18.9% (172/911) of the DR-TB cases and 8.4% of the total DSTs. 8.8% (80/911) of the DR-TB cases showed either rifampicin mono- or poly-resistance other than MDR-TB. No XDR-TB was reported. There were no data available on DR-TB and HIV co-infection. Only 65 MDR-TB patients were notified and put on second-line treatment according to WHO guidelines.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS: </b>Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis may be an emerging challenge in Zambia. There is a need to invest in improving the capacity of the TB programme to detect and manage MDR-TB.</p>  a1365-3156