01960nas a2200313   4500000000100000008004100001260001600042653001900058653001300077653001100090653002300101653002500124653001100149653002600160653002600186653002600212653002600238653001400264653002100278653001200299653002500311100001800336700001200354245008400366300001100450490000700461520116400468022001401632       2013                            d  c2013 May 0110aVirus Diseases10aSmallpox10aPlague10aParasitic Diseases10aIndian Ocean Islands10aHumans10aHistory, 21st Century10aHistory, 20th Century10aHistory, 19th Century10aHistory, 18th Century10aEpidemics10aEndemic Diseases10aCholera10aBacterial Infections1 aGaüzère B-A1 aAubry P00a[History of human epidemic and endemic diseases in the southwest Indian Ocean].  a145-570 v233 a<p>Smallpox has been known in the Mascarene Islands since 1729, and in 1898, the vaccinogenic and anti-rabies Institute of Tananarive, the future Pasteur Institute of Madagascar, was created to combat it. Cholera first arrived in the Mascarenes in 1819, but did not affect the Comoros Islands and Madagascar until the current pandemic. Bubonic plague has beset the ports of Madagascar and the Mascarenes since 1898. Girard and Robic developed the anti-plague vaccine in 1931 at the Pasteur Institute of Madagascar. The Mascarenes lost their reputation as Eden when malaria arrived in 1841, and this disease remains prominent in Madagascar and Comoros. Leprosy has been known in La Réunion since 1726 and is still very present in Mayotte, Anjouan, and Madagascar. Leptospirosis is a public health problem, except in Madagascar and the Comoros. Dengue, chikungunya, and Rift Valley fever are also present. HIV/AIDS is not a major concern, except in Mauritius, where it was spread by injection drug use, in the Seychelles and in Madagascar's largest cities. Madagascar is the principal site worldwide of chromoblastomycosis, first described there in 1914.</p>
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