02100nas a2200421   4500000000100000008004100001260001300042653001000055653001100065653001600076653004000092653001100132653001100143653002300154653002100177653001900198653001400217653001200231653000900243653001600252653001500268653001700283653001300300653002200313653002600335653002800361100001700389700001500406700001300421700002000434700001900454700001200473245012000485300001100605490000700616520104100623022001401664       2013                            d  c2013 Feb10aAdult10aBrazil10aCoinfection10aEuropean Continental Ancestry Group10aFemale10aHumans10aImmunity, Cellular10aInterferon-gamma10aInterleukin-1210aIsoniazid10aleprosy10aMale10aMiddle Aged10aPrednisone10aPyrazinamide10aRifampin10aTreatment Outcome10aTuberculosis, Pleural10aTuberculosis, Pulmonary1 aTrindade MAB1 aMiyamoto D1 aBenard G1 aSakai-Valente N1 aVasconcelos DM1 aNaafs B00aLeprosy and tuberculosis co-infection: clinical and immunological report of two cases and review of the literature.  a236-400 v883 a<p>A review of the records of patients seen between 2004 and 2011 at the Dermatology Clinic of the São Paulo University Medical School showed that only two leprosy patients had been co-infected with tuberculosis (TB). One patient showed a type 1 leprosy reaction during the first 3 months of treatment of pleural TB and in the other patient, pulmonary TB was diagnosed during the first 3 months of treatment of a type 1 leprosy reaction. Both patients showed normal cellular immune response tests, including those of the interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)/interleukin 12 (IL-12) axis. Although both mycobacterial infections are endemic in developing countries like Brazil, the co-infection has hardly been reported in the last decade. There is no suitable explanation for this observation. The reports on the interaction between the two mycobacteria are highly speculative: some studies suggest that leprosy, especially the anergic form, would predispose to TB, whereas other investigations suggested an antagonism between the two diseases.</p>  a1476-1645