02796nas a2200373   4500000000100000008004100001260001300042653001200055653002200067653001800089653001500107653001700122653000900139653001700148653000900165653002300174653001200197653000900209653002900218653002500247653003100272653002100303653001300324653000900337653001300346100002100359700001300380245009700393856004100490300001100531490000700542520185900549022001402408       2001                            d  c2001 Apr10aAnimals10aAnimals, Domestic10aAnimals, Wild10aArmadillos10aCat Diseases10aCats10aDog Diseases10aDogs10aImmunity, Cellular10aleprosy10aMice10aMycobacterium Infections10aMycobacterium leprae10aMycobacterium lepraemurium10aPrimate Diseases10aPrimates10aRats10aZoonoses1 aRojas-Espinosa O1 aLøvik M00aMycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepraemurium infections in domestic and wild animals.  uhttp://www.oie.int/doc/ged/D9354.PDF  a219-510 v203 a<p>Mycobacterium leprae, the aetiological agent of leprosy in humans, gives rise to a chronic granulomatous disease that affects primarily the skin and peripheral nerves, and secondarily some internal organs such as the testis and the eye; viscera are seldom involved. Depending on host resistance, leprosy may present as a benign disease (tuberculoid leprosy) or as a malignant disease (lepromatous leprosy), with a spectrum of intermediate stages appearing between the two. Immunity against leprosy depends on the cell-mediated immunity of the host, and this is severely compromised in the malignant (lepromatous) form of leprosy. Although culture of M. leprae has never been achieved in artificial media, the bacterium may be grown in several experimental animals, including the armadillo, non-human primates, and to a certain extent, rodents. Naturally acquired leprosy has been reported in wild nine-banded armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus) and in three species of non-human primates (chimpanzees [Pan troglodytes], sooty mangabey monkeys [Cercocebus atys] and cynomolgus macaques [Macaca fascicularis]), thus qualifying leprosy as a zoonosis. Murine leprosy is a leprosy-like disease of rats and mice, caused by Mycobacterium lepraemurium. The disease affects primarily viscera and the skin, and very rarely peripheral nerves. Depending on the host strain, rodent leprosy may also evolve as 'lepromatous' or 'tuberculoid' leprosy, and strains of mouse that develop intermediate forms of the disease may exist. Growth of M. lepraemurium on conventional media for mycobacteria is not successful, but the bacterium has been cultured on an egg yolk-based medium. Naturally acquired murine leprosy has been observed in rats, mice and cats, but not in humans or any other species. Thus, in contrast to human leprosy, murine leprosy is not a zoonosis.</p>  a0253-1933