02578nas a2200397   4500000000100000008004100001260006000042653001000102653001100112653002100123653001100144653002000155653001100175653002500186653002100211653001200232653000900244653001600253653005200269653001000321653000900331100001100340700001500351700001600366700001400382700001700396700001600413700001600429700001400445245008400459856007200543300001100615490000700626520153300633022001402166       2011                            d  c2011 JunbAmerican Society for MicrobiologyaWashington10aAdult10aBiopsy10aChemokine CXCL1010aFemale10aGene Expression10aHumans10aImmunohistochemistry10aInterferon-gamma10aleprosy10aMale10aMiddle Aged10aReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction10aSerum10aSkin1 aNath I1 aScollard D1 aWilliams DL1 aKearney M1 aStryjewska B1 aMartinez AN1 aChaduvula M1 aFowlkes N00aIncreased CXC ligand 10 levels and gene expression in type 1 leprosy reactions.  uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3122607/pdf/zcd947.pdf  a947-530 v183 a<p>Type 1 reaction (T1R) is a systemic inflammatory syndrome causing substantial morbidity in leprosy. T1R results from spontaneously enhanced cellular immunity in borderline types of leprosy, but there are no established laboratory markers for the reaction. Preliminary studies have identified elevated circulating CXC ligand 10 (CXCL10) during T1R. Correlation of CXCL10 with clinical T1R was studied in repeated serum specimens obtained before, during, and after T1R. CXCL10 gene expression was assessed in biopsy specimens taken before and during T1R, and sections were stained for the cytokine using monoclonal antibodies. Sequential serum specimens revealed elevation of circulating CXCL10 associated with episodes of T1R (P = 0.0001) but no evidence of an earlier, predictive change in the level of the chemokine. Reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR revealed elevated expression of CXCL10 transcripts during T1R, but not in patients who did not have T1R. No significant correlation between CXCL10 and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) mRNA levels was observed. Immunohistochemical staining of the skin biopsy specimens suggested an overall increase in CXCL10 but did not identify a particular strongly staining population of leukocytes. Increased CXCL10 in lesions and serum is characteristic of T1R. CXCL10 measurement offers new possibilities for laboratory diagnosis and monitoring of T1R. Studies of the regulation of CXCL10 may provide insight into the mechanisms of T1R and identify potential new drug targets for treatment.</p>  a1556-679X