01833nas a2200217   4500000000100000008004100001260001300042653002600055653002500081653001100106653001200117653002200129653001300151100001200164700001300176245004100189300001000230490000700240520135400247022001401601       2009                            d  c2009 Jun10aConflict (Psychology)10aCooperative Behavior10aHumans10aPoverty10aTropical Medicine10aVaccines1 aHotez P1 aBrown AS00aNeglected tropical disease vaccines.  a160-40 v373 a<p>The neglected tropical diseases or 'NTDs' represent the most common infections of the world's one billion poorest people. Unlike the better known acute or emerging infections, the NTDs are generally chronic and disabling (and often disfiguring) conditions. The long-term disability they cause has been revealed as a major reason why poor people in developing countries cannot escape the poverty trap. Because NTDs are associated with poverty, vaccines against these conditions are sometimes referred to as antipoverty vaccines. However, despite their global public health and economic importance, such vaccines have largely been ignored by industry and today are predominantly being produced through the activities of non-profit product development partnerships (PDPs). The Human Hookworm Vaccine Initiative based at the Sabin Vaccine Institute is one such PDP developing two antipoverty vaccines for hookworm and schistosomiasis, respectively. It has been proposed to combine these vaccines in order to target polyparasitic co-infections leading to severe anemia. Ultimately, to ensure global access of a multivalent anthelminthic vaccine, it may be linked to deworming programs through vaccine-linked chemotherapy. This would be an important step towards achieving the Millennium Development Goals for sustainable poverty reduction by 2015.</p>  a1095-8320