01811nas a2200325   4500000000100000008004100001260001600042653001200058653002200070653001600092653001100108653001000119653003600129653003600165653002300201653002100224653003000245653001100275653001200286653001400298653001700312100001400329700001300343245009700356856011800453300001100571490001600582520087300598022001401471       2008                            d  c2008 Feb 1510aAnimals10aDisease Outbreaks10aEmergencies10aHumans10aIndia10aInfluenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype10aInfluenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype10aInfluenza in Birds10aInfluenza, Human10aInformation Dissemination10aPlague10aPoultry10aPrejudice10aStereotyping1 aBarrett R1 aBrown PJ00aStigma in the time of influenza: social and institutional responses to pandemic emergencies.  uhttp://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/197/Supplement_1/S34.full.pdf+html?sid=64d8458a-d31d-4e85-a05a-5e5d1a69b0d4  aS34-S70 v197 Suppl 13 a<p>This article examines the role of stigma in social and institutional responses to infectious disease emergencies, to better understand and minimize these dynamics in the event of a pandemic of virulent influenza. In addition to their impact on human suffering, fear and stigma can seriously delay detection and treatment efforts, cooperation with contact tracing and isolation measures, and the effective distribution of resources for the prevention and control of infectious diseases. These dynamics are illustrated by the Indian plague epidemic of 1994, which occurred in a region where H5N1 influenza has been detected recently. Public fear and stigma also played a significant role in the social and institutional responses to the 1918 influenza pandemic. These historical models provide important lessons for pandemic preparedness and global health policy.</p>  a0022-1899