02155nas a2200361   4500000000100000008004100001260001300042653001000055653002600065653001100091653002800102653001900130653003800149653001100187653001100198653001200209653000900221653001600230653001700246653002500263653003000288100001700318700002100335700001400356700001900370700001600389700001800405245015400423300001100577490000700588520118400595022001401779       2011                            d  c2011 Nov10aAdult10aAntibodies, Bacterial10aBrazil10aCross-Sectional Studies10aDNA, Bacterial10aEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay10aFemale10aHumans10aleprosy10aMale10aMiddle Aged10aMouth Mucosa10aMycobacterium leprae10apolymerase chain reaction1 aMartinez T S1 aFigueira M M N R1 aCosta A V1 aGonçalves M A1 aGoulart L R1 aGoulart I M B00aOral mucosa as a source of Mycobacterium leprae infection and transmission, and implications of bacterial DNA detection and the immunological status.  a1653-80 v173 a<p>Leprosy is an important health problem in Brazil despite extensive use of multidrug therapy. The nasal mucosa is the preferential site of entry and exit of Mycobacterium leprae, and although lesions have been found in the oral mucosa, its potential involvement in the transmission of leprosy bacilli has never been investigated. We investigated the presence of the M. leprae DNA in buccal swabs of leprosy patients (334) and household contacts (1288) through polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and correlated this with clinical and laboratorial evaluations. The overall positivity for patients and contacts was 18.26% and 6.83%, respectively. Subclinical infection among contacts was considered when PCR and anti-PGL-1 ELISA presented positive results. This study provides evidence that the oral mucosa may be a secondary site of M. leprae transmission and infection, and contacts with bacillary DNA may be actively involved in transmission. We have also shown that bacilli DNA is more frequently found in the oral mucosa of PB patients. Our findings have great epidemiological relevance and indicate an additional strategy for leprosy control programmes and dental clinics.</p>  a1469-0691