03086nas a2200529   4500000000100000008004100001260001300042653002700055653001200082653002600094653002700120653002400147653002300171653001600194653001800210653003800228653001100266653001900277653001600296653002100312653002100333653001200354653002500366653002600391653001900417653000900436653002500445653002700470653001600497653002500513653002300538100001500561700001500576700000900591700001800600700001500618700001300633700001300646700001500659700001400674245013800688856004100826300001000867490000700877520165800884022001402542       2000                            d  c2000 Mar10aAdjuvants, Immunologic10aAnimals10aAntibodies, Bacterial10aAntibodies, Monoclonal10aAntigens, Bacterial10aBacterial Vaccines10aBCG Vaccine10aCD4-CD8 Ratio10aEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay10aFemale10aFlow Cytometry10aGlycolipids10aImmunoglobulin G10aImmunoglobulin M10aleprosy10aLongitudinal studies10aLymphocyte Activation10aMacaca mulatta10aMale10aMycobacterium leprae10aScintillation Counting10aVaccination10aVaccines, Attenuated10aVaccines, Combined1 aGormus B J1 aBaskin G B1 aXu K1 aRatterree M S1 aMartin L N1 aMack P A1 aBohm R P1 aMeyers W M1 aWalsh G P00aAntileprosy protective vaccination of rhesus monkeys with BCG or BCG plus heat-killed Mycobacterium leprae: immunologic observations.  uhttp://ila.ilsl.br/pdfs/v68n1a05.pdf  a27-390 v683 a<p>Groups of rhesus monkeys were vaccinated and boosted with Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) or BCG plus low-dose (LD) or high-dose (HD) heat-killed M. leprae (HKML), or were unvaccinated. Prior to and following vaccination-boosting and subsequent M. leprae (ML) challenge, these and unvaccinated, unchallenged control monkeys were observed longitudinally for approximately 3 years. Vaccination with BCG plus HKML initially stimulated significant in vitro blood mononuclear cell blastogenic responses to lepromin, which returned to baseline post-boosting and post-live-ML-challenge, minimally reappearing significantly 2 years post-ML-challenge. Vaccination with BCG failed to stimulated positive blastogenic responses to lepromin before ML-challenge but small, marginally positive, intermittent responses were seen post-ML-challenge. Compared to the unvaccinated ML-challenged group, significant increases in the numbers of blood CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell subsets and an increased CD4+:CD8+ ratio were observed in both BCG plus HKML-vaccinated, ML-challenged groups, but not in the BCG-only-vaccinated, ML-challenged group. CD4+CD29+ and CD4+CD45RA+ subset numbers increased significantly over time in only the BCG plus LD HKML-vaccinated, ML-challenged group. Compared to unvaccinated, ML-challenged groups, vaccination with BCG or BCG plus HKML followed by ML-challenge produced lower IgM:IgG antiphenolic glycolipid-I (PGL-I) serum antibody ratios and protected rhesus monkeys from clinical leprosy, consistent with prior observations that low IgM:IgG anti-PGL-I responses correlated with resistance to and protection from leprosy.</p>  a0148-916X