01541nas a2200265   4500000000100000008004100001260000900042653002600051653001600077653002000093653001700113653001100130653001800141653001200159653001800171653002900189653001700218100001400235700001300249245009400262300001100356490000700367520088700374022001401261       1995                            d  c199510aAnti-Bacterial Agents10aBCG Vaccine10aChemoprevention10aDrug Therapy10aHumans10aImmunotherapy10aleprosy10aMycobacterium10aMycobacterium Infections10aTuberculosis1 aYoung D B1 aDuncan K00aProspects for new interventions in the treatment and prevention of mycobacterial disease.  a641-730 v493 a<p>Mycobacterium tuberculosis claims more lives each year than any other single human pathogen. Despite the availability of effective drugs, the incidence of tuberculosis is increasing in much of the developing world and has recently reemerged as a public health problem in industrialized countries. In the first section of this chapter, current understanding of the fundamental biology of mycobacterial infection is reviewed from the perspective of development of new tools for disease control. A second section describes strategies for identification of novel antimycobacterial agents, with particular emphasis on recent progress in defining biosynthetic pathways for unique mycobacterial cell wall components. The third section focuses on current approaches to the development of new vaccine candidates consisting of live attenuated bacteria or individual antigenic subunits.</p>  a0066-4227