02132nas a2200325   4500000000100000008004100001260001300042653001100055653002500066653002600091653001200117653002500129653002200154653001900176653000900195653003200204100002200236700001400258700001700272700001300289700001800302700001600320700001600336245014500352856009000497300001200587490000700599520118600606022001401792       1995                            d  c1995 Feb10aHumans10aImmunohistochemistry10aIn Situ Hybridization10aleprosy10aMycobacterium leprae10aPeripheral nerves10aRNA, Messenger10aSkin10aTumor Necrosis Factor-alpha1 aKhanolkar-Young S1 aRayment N1 aBrickell P M1 aKatz D R1 aVinayakumar S1 aColston M J1 aLockwood DN00aTumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) synthesis is associated with the skin and peripheral nerve pathology of leprosy reversal reactions.  uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1534301/pdf/clinexpimmunol00012-0058.pdf  a196-2020 v993 a<p>Leprosy may be complicated by episodes of increased cell-mediated immunity towards Mycobacterium leprae (reversal reactions) which result in severe local immunopathology in skin lesions and peripheral nerves. Using in situ hybridization and MoAb techniques we have demonstrated TNF-alpha mRNA and TNF-alpha protein in macrophages infiltrating leprosy skin and peripheral nerve. Levels of TNF-alpha mRNA are significantly increased in reactional skin and nerve, particularly in borderline tuberculoid patients. TNF-alpha mRNA and TNF-alpha protein levels are higher in reactional nerves then reactional skin. In both reactional skin and nerve TNF-alpha mRNA is more abundant than TNF-alpha protein; this may reflect the rapid turnover of TNF-alpha protein in an immunologically dynamic situation, such as is seen in reversal reaction. Our findings emphasize the importance of documenting both mRNA and protein production when assessing the role of cytokines in pathology. The leprosy reversal reaction may be regarded as a useful model of tissue immunopathology in which TNF-alpha is generated as part of the host response to infection, but also produces local tissue damage.</p>  a0009-9104