01691nas a2200229   4500000000100000008004100001260002200042653003000064653001900094653001900113653002600132653001900158653002200177653002100199653002000220100001200240700001300252245003400265300001400299520113000313020001801443       2027                            d  c09/2026bElsevier10aErythema Nodosum Leprosum10aHansen disease10aMultibacillary10aMycobacterium leprae 10aPaucibacillary10aReversal reaction10aType 1 reactions10aType 2 reaction1 aDogra S1 aSharma A00aLeprosy (including reactions)  a494 - 4963 a<p>Leprosy, or Hansen disease (HD), is an infection caused by <em>Mycobacterium leprae</em> and <em>Mycobacterium lepromatosis</em> affecting the skin, respiratory mucosa, peripheral nerves, and other organs. As per the World Health Organization (WHO), leprosy is diagnosed by at least one of the following cardinal signs: (1) definite loss of sensation in a pale (hypopigmented) or reddish skin patch; (2) thickened or enlarged peripheral nerve, with loss of sensation and/or weakness of the muscles supplied by that nerve; or (3) presence of acid-fast bacilli in a slit-skin smear. A patient’s cell-mediated immunity against <em>M. leprae</em> determines the presentation of leprosy, ranging from a few lesions (tuberculoid) to multiplicity of lesions (lepromatous). The WHO treatment regimen is rifampin, dapsone, and clofazimine for 6 months for paucibacillary HD and 12 months for multibacillary HD. Early diagnosis and treatment can help to prevent disabilities. The leprosy reversal (type 1) reaction and erythema nodosum leprosum (type 2 reaction) can be treated with prednisone and thalidomide, respectively.</p>
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