01609nas a2200337   4500000000100000008004100001260001200042653002400054653001600078653001000094653002600104100001400130700001700144700001300161700001500174700001300189700001800202700001500220700001200235700001200247700001200259700001300271700001100284700001100295245007500306856009200381300000800473490000700481520076900488022001401257       2026                            d  c01/202610apure neural leprosy10aCase report10aChild10adiagnostic challenges1 aSantana H1 aDiamantino I1 aArruda J1 ada Silva P1 aSantos G1 ade Oliveira J1 ade Souza V1 aCosta C1 aMacke A1 aTeles K1 aVieira F1 aLima F1 aLima J00aPure neural leprosy in a child: case report and diagnostic challenges.  uhttps://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12990783/pdf/1678-9849-rsbmt-59-e0158-2025.pdf  a1-60 v593 a<p>Pure neural leprosy (PNL) is infrequent and manifests exclusively in the peripheral nerves without skin involvement, making the diagnosis more complex. We report the case of a 10-year-old child with muscle atrophy and sensory loss, diagnosed through clinical evaluation, grade 2 disability, and a positive anti-PGL-I test. The slit-skin smear (SSS) was negative for acid-fast bacilli. After 12 months of multidrug therapy, esthesiometric sensitivity improved; however, neurological deficits persisted, requiring anti-inflammatory treatment and physiotherapy. This case highlights the importance of early diagnosis and treatment for preventing disabilities. Tools, such as anti-PGL-I tests and imaging, are crucial, particularly in resource-limited settings.</p>  a1678-9849