02686nas a2200229   4500000000100000008004100001260001000042653001200052653002100064653002800085653001700113653001500130100001600145700001400161700001200175245013200187856009800319300000900417490000700426520200900433022001402442       2025                            d  bLepra10aLeprosy10aType 1 reactions10aType 2 leprosy reaction10aCo-infection10aAnti-PGL-11 aBhatnagar A1 aChhabra N1 aPatel S00aType 1 and Type 2 lepra reactions in leprosy: association with clinical spectrum, co-infections, and anti-PGL-1 antibody levels  uhttps://leprosyreview.org/admin/public/api/lepra/website/getDownload/69031435afaac16fc4394ce4  a1-120 v963 a<p>Background</p>

<p>Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease further complicated by severe systemic immune-mediated reactions known as lepra reactions. Various risk factors have been assessed to diagnose high-risk patients who develop lepra reactions. Identifying high-risk patients is crucial, yet data on associated risk factors, especially from India, remain limited.</p>

<p><strong>Objective</strong></p>

<p>This study aimed to evaluate clinical, epidemiological, and serological risk factors risk factors for leprosy reactions.</p>

<p><strong>Method</strong></p>

<p>This cross-sectional analytical study assessed various clinical and epidemiological variables, co-infections (dental, respiratory, urinary tract, and parasitic), laboratory parameters, and anti-PGL-1 antibody levels as potential risk factors.</p>

<p><strong>Results</strong></p>

<p>The study included 70 leprosy patients, 30 with leprosy reactions (15 each with Types 1 and 2) and 40 without reactions. The data analysis was done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, manufactured by IBM in Chicago, USA, version 25.0 for Windows. Borderline leprosy was significantly associated with Type 1 lepra reactions. Type 2 reactions were significantly linked with the lepromatous spectrum, high bacillary index (≥3), leucocytosis, thrombocytosis, and co-infections including dental and lower respiratory tract infections. Anti-PGL-1 antibody levels were significantly elevated in patients with Type 2 reactions and correlated with reaction severity.</p>

<p><strong>Conclusion</strong></p>

<p>This is the first study from India to delineate distinct risk factors for Type 1 and Type 2 lepra reactions. Type 1 reactions are more frequent in borderline leprosy, while Type 2 reactions are associated with high bacillary load and intercurrent infections. Elevated anti-PGL-1 antibody levels serve as an indicator for Type 2 lepra reactions and could aid in prognosis and treatment.</p>
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