02864nas a2200373   4500000000100000008004100001260001000042653002200052653001400074653003000088653002500118653001600143100001300159700002000172700001000192700001400202700001300216700001700229700001200246700001100258700001200269700001500281700001300296700001600309700001900325700001300344700001200357245011700369856007500486300000900561490000700570520189900577022001402476       2025                            d  bLepra10astigma assessment10aAttitudes10across-cultural adaptation10aCultural equivalence10aReliability1 aNwafor C1 aMurphy-Okpala N1 aEze C1 aUkwaja KN1 aChukwu J1 avan Brakel W1 aIyama F1 aMeka A1 aNjoku M1 aEzeakile O1 aDahiru T1 aAbdullahi S1 aOffor Bassey J1 aSesere O1 aEkeke N00aCross-cultural validation of the Pidgin-English version of the EMIC-CSS and SDS among adults in Southern Nigeria  uhttps://leprosyreview.org/article/96/3/20-23112#:~:text=0-,Download,-A  a1-110 v963 a<p><strong>Background</strong></p>

<p>Persons affected with leprosy encounter stigma. Evaluating the extent of stigma remains a challenge due to the absence of validated instruments. This study describes the cross-cultural validation of the Nigerian Pidgin-English version of the Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue Community Stigma Scale (P-EMIC-CSS) and the Social Distance Scale (P-SDS) in communities of people affected by leprosy in Cross River State, Southern Nigeria.</p>

<p><strong>Methods</strong></p>

<p>The cultural equivalence of the P-EMIC-CSS and P-SDS was qualitatively evaluated through a process of forward translation, back translation, group discussions, and pretest assessment. A cross-sectional study of community members in Cross River State was performed to assess the measurement equivalence. Overall, 114 respondents completed the test, and 26 of them had the retest.</p>

<p><strong>Results</strong></p>

<p>Conceptual, item, linguistic, and operational equivalences of the Pidgin version of the EMIC-CSS and SDS showed good fit. The relationship between the mean scores of the EMIC-CSS and the SDS revealed a weak positive correlation (r&nbsp;= 0.32;&nbsp;p&nbsp;= 0.001). Internal consistency of the P-EMIC-CSS and P-SDS full scales was 0.86 and 0.89, respectively. The exploratory factor analysis for both scales suggested adequate fit as a one dimensional scale. The test–retest reliability coefficient for the EMIC-CSS and the SDS was 0.67 and 0.96, respectively. There were no floor or ceiling effects in the distribution of the EMIC-CSS; the SDS had no ceiling effect but had a floor effect.</p>

<p><strong>Conclusions</strong></p>

<p>The Pidgin versions of the EMIC-CSS and the SDS have adequate validity and reliability in assessing stigma in communities with people affected by leprosy in Cross River State, southern Nigeria.</p>
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