02524nas a2200457   4500000000100000008004100001260001300042653001500055653001000070653002100080653002500101653001100126653001900137653001900156653001000175653001100185653001200196653000900208653001600217653001500233653001500248653001700263653002100280653002100301653000900322653001300331653002100344100001800365700002000383700001300403700001500416700001100431700001600442700001500458245008400473856004100557300001100598490000700609520143600616022001402052       1993                            d  c1993 Dec10aAdolescent10aAdult10aAge Distribution10aCase-Control Studies10aFemale10aHIV Antibodies10aHIV Infections10aHIV-110aHumans10aleprosy10aMale10aMiddle Aged10aOdds Ratio10aPrevalence10aRisk Factors10aRural Population10aSex Distribution10aSkin10aTanzania10aUrban Population1 aBorgdorff M W1 aVan Den Broek J1 aChum H J1 aKlokke A H1 aGraf P1 aBarongo L R1 aNewell J N00aHIV-1 infection as a risk factor for leprosy; a case-control study in Tanzania.  uhttp://ila.ilsl.br/pdfs/v61n4a04.pdf  a556-620 v613 a<p>A case-control study was carried out in Tanzania to determine the relative risk of those with HIV-1 infection for getting leprosy. Cases were 93 consecutively diagnosed patients with leprosy aged 15-54 years from the Mwanza Region. Controls were a representative population sample of 4161 people drawn from a stratified cluster sample from urban areas, roadside settlements, and rural villages. HIV-1 infection was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); Western blot was used when the ELISA result was indeterminate. The HIV-1 prevalence in leprosy cases was 10% in rural (7 of 72) and in roadside and urban areas (2 of 21); in controls these prevalences were 3.4% and 9.9%, respectively. The relative risk of HIV-1 infection for the development of leprosy was estimated to be 2.2 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.0-4.7; p = 0.07]. HIV-1 infection was significantly associated with multibacillary (MB) leprosy (odds ratio 4.6; CI = 1.3-13.2) but not with paucibacillary leprosy (odds ratio 1.4; 95% CI = 0.4-3.8). The population etiological fraction for the development of MB leprosy attributable to HIV-1 infection in this population is estimated to be 13% (95% CI = 4%-23%). We conclude that HIV-1 is a risk factor for the development of MB leprosy. The impact of the HIV-1 epidemic on the incidence of leprosy so far has been limited since HIV-1 occurs mainly in urban areas and leprosy in rural areas.</p>  a0148-916X