@article{8784,
  keywords = {Phagocytosis, Mycobacterium leprae, Microbial Viability, Macrophages, leprosy, Interleukin-15, Interleukin-10, Humans, Gene Expression Regulation, Gene Expression Profiling},
  author = {Montoya DJ and Cruz D and Teles R and Lee DJ and Ochoa MT and Krutzik SR and Chun R and Schenk M and Zhang X and Ferguson B and Burdick A and Sarno E and Rea T and Hewison M and Adams J and Cheng G and Modlin RL},
  title = {Divergence of macrophage phagocytic and antimicrobial programs in leprosy.},
  abstract = {<p>Effective innate immunity against many microbial pathogens requires macrophage programs that upregulate phagocytosis and direct antimicrobial pathways, two functions generally assumed to be coordinately regulated. We investigated the regulation of these key functions in human blood-derived macrophages. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) induced the phagocytic pathway, including the C-type lectin CD209 and scavenger receptors, resulting in phagocytosis of mycobacteria and oxidized low-density lipoprotein. IL-15 induced the vitamin D-dependent antimicrobial pathway and CD209, yet the cells were less phagocytic. The differential regulation of macrophage functional programs was confirmed by analysis of leprosy lesions: the macrophage phagocytosis pathway was prominent in the clinically progressive, multibacillary form of the disease, whereas the vitamin D-dependent antimicrobial pathway predominated in the self-limited form and in patients undergoing reversal reactions from the multibacillary to the self-limited form. These data indicate that macrophage programs for phagocytosis and antimicrobial responses are distinct and differentially regulated in innate immunity to bacterial infections.</p>
},
  year = {2009},
  journal = {Cell host & microbe},
  volume = {6},
  pages = {343-53},
  month = {2009 Oct 22},
  issn = {1934-6069},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2764558/pdf/nihms149626.pdf},
  doi = {10.2165/11310740-000000000-00000},
  language = {eng},
}