@article{5637,
  keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Animals, Antigens, Protozoan, BCG Vaccine, Cell Division, Cells, Cultured, Double-Blind Method, Humans, Interferon-gamma, Interleukin-4, Leishmania major, Leishmaniasis Vaccines, Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous, Lymphocyte Activation, Middle Aged, Protozoan Vaccines, Th1 Cells, Vaccines, Combined},
  author = {Mahmoodi M and Khamesipour A and Dowlati Y and Rafati S and Momeni A Z and Emamjomeh M and Hejazi H and Modabber F},
  title = {Immune response measured in human volunteers vaccinated with autoclaved Leishmania major vaccine mixed with low dose of BCG.},
  abstract = {<p>The immune responses induced against Leishmania antigens in volunteers who were vaccinated in a double-blind, randomized field efficacy trial of a preparation of autoclaved Leishmania major (ALM) mixed with a low dose of Bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccine (BCG) who developed either a cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) lesion due to exposure to infected sandfly bite(s) or did not develop a lesion during the course of the trial were studied and compared with those of non-vaccinated controls. Blood samples were also assayed from different groups including volunteers with history of CL and volunteers with previous positive or negative leishmanin skin test (LST) without a history of CL. The vaccinated volunteers had received a single dose of either ALM mixed with a low dose of BCG or the same dose of BCG alone. The LST and in vitro proliferative response (stimulation index, SI), interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) production and, in a few cases, interleukin (IL)-4 production of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to soluble Leishmania antigens were measured. The results indicated that volunteers who developed CL in the vaccine arm showed a slightly higher SI than cases who received BCG alone. Volunteers with history of CL and volunteers with positive LST demonstrated the strongest proliferation indices and IFN-gamma production. The data suggest that a single dose of ALM + BCG induces a weak Th1 response in vaccinated volunteers that is far lower than that in volunteers with prior subclinical infection or volunteers with history of CL, who are presumed to be immune.</p>},
  year = {2003},
  journal = {Clinical and experimental immunology},
  volume = {134},
  pages = {303-8},
  month = {2003 Nov},
  issn = {0009-9104},
  url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2756850/pdf/0203-09.pdf},
  doi = {10.1046/j.1365-2249.2003.02299.x},
  language = {eng},
}