@article{23907,
  keywords = {Adult, Brazil, Coinfection, European Continental Ancestry Group, Female, Humans, Immunity, Cellular, Interferon-gamma, Interleukin-12, Isoniazid, leprosy, Male, Middle Aged, Prednisone, Pyrazinamide, Rifampin, Treatment Outcome, Tuberculosis, Pleural, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary},
  author = {Trindade MAB and Miyamoto D and Benard G and Sakai-Valente N and Vasconcelos DM and Naafs B},
  title = {Leprosy and tuberculosis co-infection: clinical and immunological report of two cases and review of the literature.},
  abstract = {<p>A review of the records of patients seen between 2004 and 2011 at the Dermatology Clinic of the S{\~a}o Paulo University Medical School showed that only two leprosy patients had been co-infected with tuberculosis (TB). One patient showed a type 1 leprosy reaction during the first 3 months of treatment of pleural TB and in the other patient, pulmonary TB was diagnosed during the first 3 months of treatment of a type 1 leprosy reaction. Both patients showed normal cellular immune response tests, including those of the interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)/interleukin 12 (IL-12) axis. Although both mycobacterial infections are endemic in developing countries like Brazil, the co-infection has hardly been reported in the last decade. There is no suitable explanation for this observation. The reports on the interaction between the two mycobacteria are highly speculative: some studies suggest that leprosy, especially the anergic form, would predispose to TB, whereas other investigations suggested an antagonism between the two diseases.</p>},
  year = {2013},
  journal = {The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene},
  volume = {88},
  pages = {236-40},
  month = {2013 Feb},
  issn = {1476-1645},
  doi = {10.4269/ajtmh.2012.12-0433},
  language = {eng},
}