@article{23502,
  keywords = {Brazil, Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Type 1 reaction, Co-infection, Tuberculosis, leprosy},
  author = {Trindade M {\^A} B and Miyamoto D and Benard G and Sakai-Valente N Y and Vasconcelos DM and Naafs B},
  title = {Leprosy and Tuberculosis Co-Infection: Clinical and Immunological Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature.},
  abstract = {A review of the records of patients seen between 2004 and 2011 at the Dermatology Clinic of the S{\~a}o Paulo University Medical School showed that only two leprosy patients had been co-infected with tuberculosis (TB). One patient showed a type 1 leprosy reaction during the first 3 months of treatment of pleural TB and in the other patient, pulmonary TB was diagnosed during the first 3 months of treatment of a type 1 leprosy reaction. Both patients showed normal cellular immune response tests, including those of the interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)/interleukin 12 (IL-12) axis. Although both mycobacterial infections are endemic in developing countries like Brazil, the co-infection has hardly been reported in the last decade. There is no suitable explanation for this observation. The reports on the interaction between the two mycobacteria are highly speculative: some studies suggest that leprosy, especially the anergic form, would predispose to TB, whereas other investigations suggested an antagonism between the two diseases.},
  year = {2012},
  journal = {The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene},
  volume = {Dec 3},
  month = {12/2012 },
  issn = {1476-1645},
  language = {eng},
}