@article{23476,
  keywords = {Tuberculosis, leprosy, Co-infection},
  author = {Trindade MAB and Miyamoto D and Benard G and Sakai-Valente N and Vasconcelos DM and Naafs B},
  title = {Leprosy and tuberculosis co-infection: Clinical and immunological report of two cases and review of the literature.},
  abstract = {A review of the records of patients seen between 2004 and 2011 at the Dermatology Clinic of the S{\~a}o Paulo University Medical School showed that only two leprosy patients had been co-infected with tuberculosis (TB). One patient showed a type 1 leprosy reaction during the first 3 months of treatment of pleural TB and in the other patient, pulmonary TB was diagnosed during the first 3 months of treatment of a type 1 leprosy reaction. Both patients showed normal cellular immune response tests, including those of the interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)/interleukin 12 (IL-12) axis. Although both mycobacterial infections are endemic in developing countries like Brazil, the co-infection has hardly been reported in the last decade. There is no suitable explanation for this observation. The reports on the interaction between the two mycobacteria are highly speculative: some studies suggest that leprosy, especially the anergic form, would predispose to TB, whereas other investigations suggested an antagonism between the two diseases.},
  year = {2012},
  journal = {The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene},
  month = {2012 Dec 3},
  issn = {1476-1645},
  url = {http://www.ajtmh.org/content/early/2012/11/29/ajtmh.2012.12-0433.full.pdf},
  language = {eng},
}