@article{1892,
  keywords = {Adjuvants, Immunologic, Animals, Antibodies, Bacterial, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Antigens, Bacterial, Bacterial Vaccines, BCG Vaccine, CD4-CD8 Ratio, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Female, Flow Cytometry, Glycolipids, Immunoglobulin G, Immunoglobulin M, leprosy, Longitudinal studies, Lymphocyte Activation, Macaca mulatta, Male, Mycobacterium leprae, Scintillation Counting, Vaccination, Vaccines, Attenuated, Vaccines, Combined},
  author = {Gormus B J and Baskin G B and Xu K and Ratterree M S and Martin L N and Mack P A and Bohm R P and Meyers W M and Walsh G P},
  title = {Antileprosy protective vaccination of rhesus monkeys with BCG or BCG plus heat-killed Mycobacterium leprae: immunologic observations.},
  abstract = {<p>Groups of rhesus monkeys were vaccinated and boosted with Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) or BCG plus low-dose (LD) or high-dose (HD) heat-killed M. leprae (HKML), or were unvaccinated. Prior to and following vaccination-boosting and subsequent M. leprae (ML) challenge, these and unvaccinated, unchallenged control monkeys were observed longitudinally for approximately 3 years. Vaccination with BCG plus HKML initially stimulated significant in vitro blood mononuclear cell blastogenic responses to lepromin, which returned to baseline post-boosting and post-live-ML-challenge, minimally reappearing significantly 2 years post-ML-challenge. Vaccination with BCG failed to stimulated positive blastogenic responses to lepromin before ML-challenge but small, marginally positive, intermittent responses were seen post-ML-challenge. Compared to the unvaccinated ML-challenged group, significant increases in the numbers of blood CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell subsets and an increased CD4+:CD8+ ratio were observed in both BCG plus HKML-vaccinated, ML-challenged groups, but not in the BCG-only-vaccinated, ML-challenged group. CD4+CD29+ and CD4+CD45RA+ subset numbers increased significantly over time in only the BCG plus LD HKML-vaccinated, ML-challenged group. Compared to unvaccinated, ML-challenged groups, vaccination with BCG or BCG plus HKML followed by ML-challenge produced lower IgM:IgG antiphenolic glycolipid-I (PGL-I) serum antibody ratios and protected rhesus monkeys from clinical leprosy, consistent with prior observations that low IgM:IgG anti-PGL-I responses correlated with resistance to and protection from leprosy.</p>},
  year = {2000},
  journal = {International journal of leprosy and other mycobacterial diseases : official organ of the International Leprosy Association},
  volume = {68},
  pages = {27-39},
  month = {2000 Mar},
  issn = {0148-916X},
  url = {http://ila.ilsl.br/pdfs/v68n1a05.pdf},
  language = {eng},
}