@article{article,
  keywords = {Stigma, Self-esteem, Cross-cultural validation, Cultural equivalence, cross-cultural adaptation},
  author = {Chukwu J and Ukwaja KN and Murphy-Okpala N and Ekeke N and Eze C and Iyama F and Meka A and Njoku M and Ezeakile O and Dahiru T and Abdullahi S and van Brakel W and Anyaike C and Nwafor C},
  title = {A preliminary cross-cultural validation of the Pidgin version of the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale and the leprosy-adapted Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale among persons affected by leprosy in Southern Nigeria},
  abstract = {<p><strong>Background</strong></p>

<p>Self-esteem and internalized stigma are important patient-reported outcomes. We describe the cross-cultural validation and adaptation of the Pidgin version of the Rosenberg self-esteem scale (P-RSES) and the leprosy-adapted Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale (P-ISMI) in Cross River, Southern Nigeria.</p>

<p><strong>Methods</strong></p>

<p>The cultural equivalence of the instruments, including their conceptual, item, semantic, and operational equivalences, was evaluated using qualitative methods. A cross-sectional study of 56 participants with Hansen{\textquoteright}s disease in Cross River, Southern Nigeria, was undertaken to assess the measurement equivalence of the tools.</p>

<p><strong>Results</strong></p>

<p>The conceptual, item, semantic, and operational equivalences of the Pidgin version of the P-RSES and P-ISMI scales showed adequate fit with all items \&nbsp;identified Correspondence to: Kingsley N. Ukwaja (Tel.: +23 48036243196; e-mail: ukwajakingsley@yahoo.co.uk) {\textcopyright}\&nbsp;The author(s). This article is Open Access under CC BY 4.0 1 2 J. Chukwu et al. as important in the context of the Pidgin-speaking population. There was a negative inverse correlation between the mean total scores of the P-RSES and the P-ISMI scale (r = -0.57; p \&lt; 0.001), confirming the construct validity of the two scales. The exploratory factor analysis for the scales indicated a good fit as a one-dimensional scale. The Cronbach{\textquoteright}s alpha values were 0.82 and 0.95 for the P-RSES and P-ISMI scales, respectively. The test-retest reliability coefficient for the P-RSES and the PISMI scale was 0.98 and 0.67, respectively. There were no floor or ceiling effects in the distribution of the responses to the P-RSES and the P-ISMI scale.</p>

<p><strong>Conclusion</strong></p>

<p>The P-RSES and P-ISMI scales are reliable and valid instruments for the assessment of self-esteem and internalized stigma, respectively, in the Pidgin-speaking population of Nigeria.</p>
},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {Leprosy Review},
  volume = {96},
  pages = {1-10},
  publisher = {Lepra},
  issn = {2162-8807},
  url = {https://leprosyreview.org/admin/public/article_shell/uploads/article_files/Lepra/LEPROSY/96/3/lr2023113/lr2023113.pdf},
  doi = {10.47276/lr.96.3.2023113},
  language = {ENG},
}