@article{1013,
  keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Age Distribution, Case-Control Studies, Female, HIV Antibodies, HIV Infections, HIV-1, Humans, leprosy, Male, Middle Aged, Odds Ratio, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Rural Population, Sex Distribution, Skin, Tanzania, Urban Population},
  author = {Borgdorff M W and Van Den Broek J and Chum H J and Klokke A H and Graf P and Barongo L R and Newell J N},
  title = {HIV-1 infection as a risk factor for leprosy; a case-control study in Tanzania.},
  abstract = {<p>A case-control study was carried out in Tanzania to determine the relative risk of those with HIV-1 infection for getting leprosy. Cases were 93 consecutively diagnosed patients with leprosy aged 15-54 years from the Mwanza Region. Controls were a representative population sample of 4161 people drawn from a stratified cluster sample from urban areas, roadside settlements, and rural villages. HIV-1 infection was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); Western blot was used when the ELISA result was indeterminate. The HIV-1 prevalence in leprosy cases was 10% in rural (7 of 72) and in roadside and urban areas (2 of 21); in controls these prevalences were 3.4% and 9.9%, respectively. The relative risk of HIV-1 infection for the development of leprosy was estimated to be 2.2 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.0-4.7; p = 0.07]. HIV-1 infection was significantly associated with multibacillary (MB) leprosy (odds ratio 4.6; CI = 1.3-13.2) but not with paucibacillary leprosy (odds ratio 1.4; 95% CI = 0.4-3.8). The population etiological fraction for the development of MB leprosy attributable to HIV-1 infection in this population is estimated to be 13% (95% CI = 4%-23%). We conclude that HIV-1 is a risk factor for the development of MB leprosy. The impact of the HIV-1 epidemic on the incidence of leprosy so far has been limited since HIV-1 occurs mainly in urban areas and leprosy in rural areas.</p>},
  year = {1993},
  journal = {International journal of leprosy and other mycobacterial diseases : official organ of the International Leprosy Association},
  volume = {61},
  pages = {556-62},
  month = {1993 Dec},
  issn = {0148-916X},
  url = {http://ila.ilsl.br/pdfs/v61n4a04.pdf},
  language = {eng},
}